Tag Archive: writing

A Bout of Dickensian Anxiety

By Beth Dunn

At first glance, the tale of Charles Dickens’ rise to fame and fortune would seem to be one of unhalting advances towards the pinnacle of success that he had achieved by the end of his life. But even the mighty Boz suffered from serious doubts about his skills as a novelist, and his ability to support himself purely by the labor of his pen.

And what do writers do when we think the well has run dry?

We panic.

Charles Dickens had already seen early success — and lots of it — as the author of The Pickwick Papers, Oliver Twist, Nicholas Nickleby, The Old Curiosity Shop, A Christmas Carol, and Barnaby Rudge, along with assorted other bits and pieces.

Bleak House, A Tale of Two Cities, Great Expectations, Little Dorrit, and Our Mutual Friend still lay ahead of him, though of course he couldn’t know that.

All he knew was that he had a large and constantly growing family to support, and he was suffering increasingly frustrating bouts of writers block. In the midst of writing Dombey and Son (never heard of it? there’s a reason for that), Dickens was so uncertain of his future prospects as a novelist that he took on a job he almost certainly knew he would hate from the start — editor in chief of The Daily News.

Oh, sure, he had been an editor and contributor to various journals from time to time. And he had started his writing career as a sort of beat reporter in Parliament, winning the job largely on the merits of his impressive skills at taking notes by shorthand. And he had always been a crusader against what he recognized as the vast social injustices of the day, which the Daily News promised to rail against until Something Was Done.

On paper, it seemed like the perfect fit. The fledgling newspaper’s financial backers wanted a prominent editor who would drive up sales and help their new project compete against the very popular — and very right-wing — Morning Chronicle. And Dickens, who was suffering a serious bout of nerves, wanted a steady paycheck.

You know, in case this whole writing thing didn’t pan out.

Within a matter of days, he knew he had made a dreadful mistake.

Eventually, he convinced his best friend (John Foster, who did have a background in journalism) to take over as editor. Dickens had almost from the start hated the daily grind of the paper, hated the pressure, hated being pulled in so many different directions by so many competing interests, hated the corruption of the press in general, of which he was now a part.

So he quit, after only a few weeks.

But the experience was not without its upsides.

First, Dickens had realized that his occasional bouts of writers block were largely due to his absence from the city streets of London. He’d been traveling abroad with his family in recent months, and the quiet countryside was doing nothing for his concentration. When he was free to prowl London’s dark and sooty streets at night, he was in his element again at last, and he was back to his old prolific self.

Second, he had finally found decent occupation for his father, a bit of an unrepentant sponge and perennial debtor on whom Dickens would later base his Mr. Micawber. John Dickens had been installed as head of the newsroom at the Daily News, and had taken to it, quite to everyone’s surprise, extraordinarily well. He showed up, he managed people, he got the job done. It was really quite remarkable, and even his son acknowledged that he’d finally found his niche.

And finally, perhaps most importantly, Charles Dickens had learned the lesson that so many writers have to learn the hard way.

We’re just not really fit for much else, when it comes right down to it.

So we had better just get down to it.

 

Beth Dunn is a novelist, blogger, and geek. She writes at An Accomplished Young Lady, and makes a habit of reading far too much into the life stories of her 19th century literary heroes. 

 

Why Historical Fiction Is Good for You

By Melissa L.

If you write historical fiction, the chances are excellent that you also like to read it. I’m sure many of you will agree that losing yourself in a nice thick historical novel is a fantastic way to spend a day. But reading historical fiction can serve another purpose besides entertainment. In fact, you might even be able to consider it a form of research.

The next time you read a historical novel, ponder these two important questions: What do you love, love, love about this book? What do you hate? You can highlight passages you feel strongly about, make notes to yourself in the margins, or just think about the answers. Doing this can help you to figure out what to do – or not do – when writing your own novel.

If you’re frustrated with the way an author uses dialogue to create an “info dump” of historical facts, your readers are probably not going to appreciate it if you do the same thing. On the other hand, if you love the way an author uses specific details to create a believable setting, it’s time to see where you can add a little more detail in your own work.

Discussion:

What books do you really love (or hate)? What have you learned from them to be used in your own writing?

Melissa L. is the YA Editorial Assistant for Wonders and Marvels. You can read more about her here: Editorial Staff.

The Importance of Setting

By Melissa L.

One of the first books about writing historical fiction that I ever read described setting as “another character in a historical fiction novel.” I can’t completely agree with this analogy—in my opinion, “character” should really refer to a person—but it made me think about the huge role that setting plays in historical fiction.

As I’ve discussed several times before, historical fiction should, above all else, tell a compelling story. But the point of historical fiction is that the story grows out of the time and place. You may choose to use specific historical events as the basis for your plots and characters, or you may simply write a book that’s set in a given point in history, but either way, there should be a clear reason for the book to be set when and where it is. Otherwise, I would argue that you aren’t really writing historical fiction—you’re writing a middle grade or young adult novel that just so happens to be set in the past. (And honestly, if a historical setting isn’t a vital part of your story, is there any reason not to set it in the modern day?)

In most cases, a setting doesn’t drive your plot in quite the same way that your characters do. But that doesn’t mean it isn’t every bit as vital as strong characters. A strong setting gives historical fiction a strong base—a base that distinguishes it from other kinds of books.

Discussion:

How important is setting in historical fiction? Can it accurately be called “another character”?

Melissa L. is the YA Editorial Assistant for Wonders and Marvels. You can read more about her here: Editorial Staff.

Rules for Writing Historical Fiction

By Melissa L.

Like nearly everything else in life, it seems that writing historical fiction comes with its own set of rules. While browsing the Internet, I discovered an article entitled “Seven Rules for Writing Historical Fiction,” by Elizabeth Crook, the author of three historical novels. Crook’s article is intended for authors of historical fiction in general, but I found some of her rules especially applicable to writing for children.

At first glance, Crook’s first two rules—“Sweat the Small Stuff” and “Cut the Ballast”—seem to contradict one another. In reality, though, both are vital to a good novel for young readers. As a historical fiction author, you need to know virtually everything about your time period in order to write accurately; after all, you don’t want to give your readers a false impression of history. At the same time, though, all of the details you learn don’t have to make their way into your book. Kids have notoriously short attention spans, and if you bog them down with information they don’t want or need to know, they’re likely to put the book down.

The idea of including only necessary details echoes in Crook’s sixth rule, “Don’t Get Bogged Down by Back-story.” You need to know the entire back-story, of course, but your readers only need it to a certain extent. Kids in particular like their books to open at a fast pace. If you devote your first chapter entirely to the back-story, you’ll quickly bore and lose your readers.

What do you think about Crook’s set of rules? Are there any other rules you would say are important in historical fiction for kids?

Melissa L. is the YA Editorial Assistant for Wonders and Marvels. You can read more about her here: Editorial Staff.

Changing Historical Details

By Melissa L.

When I read historical fiction, I’ve actually been known to put down a book and do a little research when a major detail doesn’t seem quite right to me. If I discover that the author doesn’t have her facts straight, that’s often enough to make me stop reading. With that having been said, though, I do feel there are times when it’s okay for authors to adjust some of the very minor details of history—as long as they follow two unbreakable rules.

First, any change an author makes from historical fact, however minor, should serve the story. If there is not a pressing reason for you to deviate from history, then don’t. You’ll just look like you haven’t done your research. In one YA novel I recently read, it was mentioned in passing that the main character was listening to the news on the radio…twenty years before the first radio news program was even broadcast. I feel that this is a major detail the author really should have gotten right, and I never finished the book.

And second, if you decide to make a slight change to historical fact, include an author’s note that indicates what you changed and why. This is especially important when writing for children—even though the details you’ve altered are presumably minor enough they won’t make a difference, you still don’t want them to get the wrong impression of history. (By the way, if I encounter a detail that’s wrong in a book, I do check for an author’s note and an explanation before giving up on the novel entirely.)

Is there a fine line between when it’s okay to change historical details and when it’s not? Does it frustrate you too when authors get their facts wrong in historical novels?

Melissa L. is the YA Editorial Assistant for Wonders and Marvels. You can read more about her here: Editorial Staff.

Journals and Diaries in Historical Fiction

By Melissa L.

The diary is a narrative form that’s especially popular in historical fiction for children. The best-known example is probably the Dear America series, which was published by Scholastic in the late 1990’s. The format is very difficult to pull off—your narrator’s voice has to be perfect, and since you’re writing about specific days in history, attention to detail is vital. Still, I personally enjoy diary stories if they’re done well.

I’ve met some librarians and history teachers, though, who don’t care for this format. One teacher told me that she didn’t want her students, who were learning about primary and secondary sources, to read the Dear America books. She was afraid the kids wouldn’t realize that the novels were fiction and would confuse them with actual primary sources.

Personally, I think that children who are old enough to be reading novels like Dear America should be able to understand the books aren’t real diaries, though teachers should definitely clear this up if it’s confusing. I also think that these books provide a valuable historical experience for kids. Young readers may not be quite ready to tackle the archaic spelling and grammar of many primary sources—but a mock diary written in more modern language can still give them a good feel for the times.

So what do you think about the diary format for historical fiction? Is it confusing for kids? Is it a good way to teach history? Or is it just another way to tell a story?

Melissa L. is the YA Editorial Assistant for Wonders and Marvels. You can read more about her here: Editorial Staff.

IMAGE: Courtesy of Wikipedia public domain

Language Issues (Continued)

By Melissa L.

Today I’m going to continue last week’s post on language in historical fiction. You’d think that after deciding what to do about foreign words in your novel, you’re pretty much safe. You can just write the rest of your novel in regular English, right? Well, not exactly.

A few years ago, an editor critiquing one of my historical novels said she felt the characters sounded too contemporary. Specifically, she had a problem with their use of contractions. I eventually chose to leave most of the dialogue intact, but her comments made me think: How do you translate a foreign language into English so that it sounds right for the time period? In other words, how do you make your characters understandable without making them sound too modern?

Almost all writers will agree that modern slang has no place in historical novels, but there are many areas where language is much fuzzier. For example, in any language, there are ways for people to drop syllables, run words together, and in general speak more casually than they do in formal situations. Are these speech patterns contractions as we understand them in English? Probably not. But in a novel written in English, I do feel they can translate into contractions on the page. Still, I don’t use contractions as liberally in historical novels as I would in a contemporary setting. I also find that overall, my historical characters tend to sound a little more stilted.

So what’s the best way to handle these language problems in historical fiction? How do you communicate that your characters are regular people speaking in a casual setting without making them sound too much like modern Americans? It’s quite a dilemma, but I’m sure there are many ways to solve it. What do you think?

Melissa L. is the YA Editorial Assistant for Wonders and Marvels. You can read more about her here: Editorial Staff.

Writing Great Historical Fiction for Young Readers

By Melissa L.

If you’re writing historical fiction, you obviously know a lot about the topic you’ve chosen. But when you’re writing for young readers, this can, in a way, become a problem. Kids haven’t necessarily studied the period you’ve picked in school, and they certainly haven’t done the research you have. Your challenge is to write a book that kids can understand while not talking down to them.

I remember one book I read at age seven, a short chapter book that took place during the Middle Ages. The author mentioned that the two main characters were worried for their father because he had gone to fight in the Crusades. At that age, I didn’t know what the Crusades were, and I became very confused. A few hints given in context—like mentioning that the Pope had called on all Christians to protect the Holy Land—would have made things much clearer.

When you write historical fiction, you are telling a story, and you don’t want to bog it down with too many facts. But you’ll also confuse your readers if you assume they know the topic too well. A well-written historical fiction book will introduce the facts subtly, giving readers the information they need while keeping the story moving. One valuable resource for finding books that do this well is John Gillespie’s Introducing Historical Fiction to Young Readers. It has an explanation of what makes a good historical novel for children, as well as an extensive list of books.

Melissa L. is the YA Editorial Assistant for Wonders and Marvels. You can read more about her here: Editorial Staff.

On Historical Writing, or How to Build a Skyscraper

By Holly Tucker

Like many readers awhile back, I was enthralled with Erik Larson’s The Devil in the White City: Murder, Magic, and Madness at the Fair that Changed America. As an academic who usually has her nose in dry “scholarly” tomes, I have to admit that my page-turning experience felt a little like a guilty pleasure.

When I finished the book, I thought a lot about why I loved it so much. I’m a professor, after all! We’re supposed to take everything apart.

I found my answer on page 25.

I realized that the book appealed to me at a number of levels. The story, of course. It’s gruesome, fascinating, and compelling. The architecture of the story-telling too. Larson’s attention to the details of the story’s construction leap from the page. But, there, on page 25, architecture and storytelling all came together:

[Root] envisioned digging down to the first reasonably firm layer of clay, known as hard-pan, and there spreading a pad of concrete nearly two feet think. On top of this works would set down a layer of steel rails stratching from one end of the pad to the other, and over this a second layer at right angles. Succeeding layers would be arranged the same way. Once complete, this grillage of steel would be filled an discovered with Portland cement to produce a broad, rigid raft that Root called a floating foundation.”

I didn’t realize it as I was reading…but I had just learned how to build a skyscraper! And as a native Chicagoan, I can never look at those gargantuan buildings the same way.

I think Cynthia Crossen, who writes the Wall Street Journal’s “Book Lover” column, explains it even better than I do. Take a look at her recent article “Learning While You Read.”  She’s talking here about historical fiction–but the best nonfiction writers are also the ones who pair  impeccable research with meticulous attention to narrative.

Frankly, I’ve always wondered why more of us in higher education don’t craft more accessible stories. After all, in my classes, I tell stories all the time to lure my students into history (in my case, the history of medicine).

Yet, until recently, I had not found the courage to link research with compelling storytelling in my own writing. And, believe me, it takes courage–bucking as it does some long-standing conventions in academic publishing.

So now one of my favorite quotes is this one, again from Larson:

I write to be read. I’m quite direct about that. I’m not writing to thrill colleagues or to impress the professors at the University of Iowa; that’s not my goal….I want to be accessible and I want to convey something.” [Full interview here]

Great advice! As I burn the midnight oil to wrap up my next book (coming out with Norton next year), I don’t think that I’ve ever enjoyed my research and writing more.

Holly Tucker is Editor of Wonders and Marvels. Read more about Holly here.